Healthy gums are pink and firm. Are yours? If you’re one of the 50 percent of the population suffering from gum disease, then probably not. Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is the chronic inflammation of your gingival tissue or gums. There are several types of periodontal disease and two stages. Gingivitis is the first stage. Gingivitis can be reversed. It is an infection of your gums due to an over-abundance of bacterial plaque. Gingivitis can progress to periodontitis which is not reversible and can lead to tooth loss. Knowing more about periodontal disease can help you keep your gums in the pink.

The Development Of Gum Disease

Gum disease can be avoided in most cases. In some cases it is hereditary, but in most cases it is caused by lack of proper oral hygiene. Your mouth contains bacteria and there is one type of bacteria that can be harmful to your teeth and gums. This harmful bacteria is found in bacterial plaque. Bacterial plaque is clear and sticky and attaches itself to your teeth. Plaque is kept under control by brushing at least twice a day. However, if you do not brush it can begin to cause tooth decay and build up around your gums causing an infection.  If not removed the plaque hardens into tartar.

Then What?

Once the plaque hardens into tartar, a cement-like material that cannot be removed via brushing, you will need a professional dental cleaning. If the plaque and tartar begin to spread below the gumline, gingivitis and eventually periodontitis will develop.  Your body’s way of fighting off this gingival infection is via inflammation. However, the inflammation leads to the breakdown of the gingival tissue, the periodontal ligaments (which help hold your teeth in place) and eventually the underlying jawbone, resulting in tooth loss.

Brushing your teeth twice daily, flossing once a day, and attending bi-annual dental cleanings can help keep periodontal disease at bay.